Beyond price: The wisdom of Warren Buffett and Napoleon Hill on investment and self-growth

Mathilde JANIK

In this article, Mathilde JANIK (ESSEC Business School, Global Bachelor in Business Administration (GBBA), 2021-2025) comments on two quotes that bridge the gap between financial philosophy and personal development: one from the world’s most successful investor, Warren Buffett, and another from the self-help pioneer, Napoleon Hill. These quotes collectively highlight the profound truth that success in finance, much like success in life, is less about quick wins and more about the quality of the long-term compounding investments we make in businesses and ourselves.

About the Quoted Authors

This post draws on the wisdom of two influential figures: Warren Buffett, the chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, widely regarded as one of the most successful investors in history and the architect of the Value Investing philosophy; and Napoleon Hill (1883–1970), the American author of the classic 1937 self-help book Think and Grow Rich, whose work focused on the power of belief and consistent, long-term personal discipline.

The selection of these two quotes is deliberate: the first establishes the principle of quality over price in capital allocation (finance), while the second extends this exact same principle to the allocation of time and effort in personal life (self-growth). Together, they form a complete roadmap for achieving sustainable success, reminding us that both financial and personal wealth are built patiently through consistent, high-quality choices.

Quotes

The quote by Warren Buffett

“It’s far better to buy a wonderful company at a fair price than a fair company at a wonderful price.” – Warren Buffett

The quote by Napoleon Hill

“Tell me how you use your spare time, and how you spend your money, and I will tell you where and what you will be in ten years from now.” – Napoleon Hill

Analysis of the quotes

The first quote, from Warren Buffett, is the cornerstone of Value Investing. It focuses on the financial market and how to choose a company to invest in. It makes a lot of sense to always take into account not only the stock price of the company but also everything that goes beyond its market capitalization. Factors like the management and leadership within the company, the cash flows (and their robustness and stability), and the market share compared to competitors are really important. Investing in a robust company that does good things every day may be more profitable than investing in a company that may be cheaper and more appealing for one specific innovation but may not be profitable at all.

This is why I also wanted to include the second quote, which applies the same long-term quality principle to personal development. I came across this quote shortly after reading the book “Think and Grow Rich” by Napoleon Hill, an American author widely known for his self-help books, first published in 1937. He asserted that desire, faith, and persistence can propel one to great heights if one can suppress negative thoughts and focus on long-term goals. I like this quote because it shows that, depending on what we focus on, we can become anything we want. It also shows that it’s about the little things you do every day that will bring you where you want to be in life. I appreciate how this quote shows that spending money is not a deliberate act and we should think this through, questioning ourselves on our own goals and how making specific spending decisions may or may not bring us towards them and what our future self would think of our present decision.

Financial concepts related to the quotes

We can relate these quotes to three core concepts that govern both capital and personal allocation: intrinsic value vs. market price, economic moats and competitive advantage, and the power of compounding.

Intrinsic value vs. Market price

Buffett’s quote directly addresses the difference between a stock’s intrinsic value (the true, underlying economic worth of a business, determined by its future cash flows and qualitative factors like management quality and competitive advantage) and its volatile market price (the price at which it trades publicly). He emphasizes that while price is what you pay, value is what you get. A “wonderful company” has a high intrinsic value, meaning its quality justifies the price, whereas a “fair company” may trade at a low price, but its lack of quality means that price is likely justified by its poor prospects.

Economic moats and competitive advantage

The concept of a “wonderful company” is often defined by its economic moat: a structural feature that protects a company’s long-term profits and market share from competition. Taken from moats that protect castles, certain advantages help protect companies from their competitors. Moats can come from high switching costs for customers, network effects, or intangible assets like brand strength (e.g., Coca-Cola). A company with a strong moat has robust and stable cash flows, which, as I noted, are crucial. Hill’s quote is a mirror: investing in personal skills and knowledge creates a personal “moat” around your career and future earning potential.

The power of compounding

Both quotes relates to the principle of compounding. In finance, it’s the ability of an asset to generate earnings that are then reinvested to generate their own earnings. Buffett seeks companies that compound capital effectively over decades. Napoleon Hill’s quote speaks to compounding in personal life: the cumulative effect of small, positive daily actions (how you use your spare time and spending decisions) that, over ten years, leads to exponential growth in skills, wealth, and character. This continuous, patient investment, whether in a stock or a skill, is the ultimate driver of long-term success. Other authors, such as the best-selling author James Clear in his widely known self-help book Atomic Habits, also present this idea of compounding specifically for everyday skills.

My opinion about this quote

I chose these two quotes because they provide a complete roadmap for success. The Buffett quote provides the external strategy: be disciplined, patient, and focus on quality when allocating capital. The Hill quote provides the internal strategy: be disciplined, patient, and focus on quality when allocating time and effort. As a student of finance, it’s easy to get fixated on technical analysis and short-term movements, but these quotes remind us that the biggest returns come from long-term vision and consistent commitment to fundamental excellence, whether we’re analyzing a company’s leadership or assessing our own daily habits. This dual focus is the best preparation for a successful career in finance and beyond, emphasizing that personal growth and investment success are deeply intertwined.

Why should I be interested in this post?

If you’re a student interested in business and finance, this post is essential. It moves beyond the mechanics of valuation to address the philosophy of investment, a core requirement for success in roles like asset management, portfolio management, and private equity. Understanding Buffett’s principle demonstrates a mature, long-term mindset often tested in interviews. Furthermore, Napoleon Hill’s insight offers a blueprint for personal development, showing that the same consistency and discipline required to choose a “wonderful company” are needed to build a successful professional self through thoughtful allocation of your time and money.

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Useful resources

Cunningham, L.A (1997) The Essays of Warren Buffett: Lessons for Corporate America, Fourth Edition.

Hill, N. (1937). Think and Grow Rich. New York: The Ralston Society.

Graham, B., & Dodd, D. L. (1934). Security Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF) Guide d’élaboration des prospectus et de l’information à fournir en cas d’offre au public ou d’admission de titres financiers

Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF) (January 2026) Les obligations d’information des sociétés cotées

Autorité des Marchés Financiers (AMF) Guides épargnants

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Resources for Investors

U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Beginners Guide to Investing

About the author

The article was written in January 2026 by Mathilde JANIK (ESSEC Business School, Global Bachelor in Business Administration (GBBA), 2021-2025).

   ▶ Discover all articles written by Mathilde JANIK.

“Price is what you pay, value is what you get“ – Warren Buffett

Hadrien PUCHE

In this article, Hadrien PUCHE (ESSEC Business School, Grande École Program, Master in Management, 2023-2027) comments on Warren Buffett’s famous quote about the fundamental difference between price and value, and discusses how this distinction remains crucial for modern investors navigating today’s volatile markets.

About Warren Buffett

Warren Buffett is the chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway, a financial holding company. He is widely considered one of the most successful long-term investors in history, known for his value-driven approach. Buffett often praised patience and a deep understanding of the intrinsic value of companies over speculation and short-term trends.

Warren Buffett
Warren Buffett
Source: Wikimedia Commons

About the quote

This quote, “price is what you pay, value is what you get”, is often attributed to Warren Buffett and is sometimes said to originate from one of his 1987 shareholder letters. However, its first verifiable appearance is in his 2008 shareholder letter, where Buffett uses it to emphasize the timeless lesson he learned from Benjamin Graham. The quote perfectly captures the essence of value investing, the philosophy that made Buffett so successful.

“Additionally, the market value of the bonds and stocks that we continue to hold suffered a significant decline along with the general market. This does not bother Charlie and me. Indeed, we enjoy such price declines if we have funds available to increase our positions. Long ago, Ben Graham taught me that ‘Price is what you pay; value is what you get.’ Whether we’re talking about socks or stocks, I like buying quality merchandise when it is marked down.”
(Warren E. Buffett, Berkshire Hathaway Shareholder Letter, 2008)

Analysis of the quote

Buffett’s quote highlights a key idea in both economics and finance: the difference between the price of an asset and its actual value.

The price is simply what you pay in a transaction, reflecting a market consensus at a specific moment in time. The value, however, is the abstract idea of the true worth of an asset, based on its capacity to generate future cash flows for its owner.

Buffett points out that market movements are largely shaped by human behavior, especially fear and greed, which can cause assets to be mispriced. The essence of long-term investing lies in identifying these inefficiencies and using them to build wealth over time.

Benjamin Graham, Buffett’s mentor, often illustrated this idea with the allegory of Mr. Market: a moody business partner who offers to buy or sell his stake in your company at changing prices every day. Sometimes he’s euphoric and offers too much, sometimes he’s depressed and offers too little. A wise investor listens politely, but never lets Mr. Market influence his view of the company.

Financial concepts related to the quote

We can relate this quote to three financial concepts: Intrinsic value, Efficient Market Hypothesis, and Market cycles.

Intrinsic value

The concept of intrinsic value suggests that any item can be given a “true worth”, based on its fundamentals: profits, growth, and overall future cash flows.

Models like the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) analysis help investors estimate this value, by projecting how much cash an asset will generate and discounting it back to today’s money. Cash flows represent the real money a business produces — not just accounting profits, but the actual funds available to reinvest, repay debt, or distribute to shareholders.

The formula for the present value (PV) of a series of cash flows, denoted by CFt, discounted with the discount rate r, is given by:

Present value of a series of cash flows

The discount rate reflects both the time value of money — the idea that a euro today is worth more than a euro tomorrow, and the risk attached to the investment. The riskier the cash flows, the higher the discount rate investors will apply, and therefore the lower the intrinsic value. Understanding both the amount and the uncertainty of future cash flows is essential to determining what a company is truly worth.

Buffett’s philosophy is simple: always make investment decisions when you understand the intrinsic value and are therefore able to make informed and rational choices.

Efficient Market Hypothesis

According to the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH), formalized by Eugene Fama in 1970, asset prices in perfectly competitive markets instantly reflect all available information, implying that price always equals value.

However, value investing strongly challenges this idea. Markets often misprice assets, at least temporarily. Behavioral biases such as overconfidence, herd behavior or the tranquility paradox (a behavioral bias where prolonged stability increases risk-taking) can lead market prices to diverge from fundamentals, allowing some investors to buy undervalued assets and achieve superior long-term returns.

Market cycles

It is often believed that market prices move in cycles, driven by alternating periods of optimism and pessimism. When prices increase, investors are more optimistic and keep buying, pushing prices even higher. When prices start decreasing, investors start selling. All of this often happens without any major changes in the intrinsic value of the underlying companies.

Understanding these cycles may allow investors to act counter-cyclically: to buy when others are afraid and sell when they are greedy. Recognizing the difference between market emotion and fundamental value is what separates value investors from speculators.

My opinion about this quote

I believe that this quote is often forgotten by many investors. With the democratization of trading apps and financial content on social media, anyone can trade, but not many understand what they are doing.

I find value investing particularly challenging in today’s market. Take Nvidia as an example: as of 2025, the company is a global leader in graphics processing units (GPUs) and AI computing. With a Price-to-Earnings ratio around 51, can its intrinsic value truly justify a $4 trillion market capitalization? Perhaps, if you believe that the AI ecosystem will sustain the massive profits investors currently expect, but there is no doubt that the stock is currently expensive.

P/E ratio comparison of Nvidia, Amazon, Microsoft, Apple, Google

The challenge of identifying true value is not new : a historical parallel can be drawn with the dot-com bubble of the late 1990s, when companies with minimal earnings, like pets.com and America Online, saw sky-high valuations, that perhaps were disconnected from their actual values. Such episodes should remind investors of the importance of nuancing enthusiasm with careful analysis.

Graph of the cyclically adjusted P/E ratio of the SP500, from 1930 to today

The point isn’t to be pessimistic, but to make every investment decision with a clear and well-reasoned understanding of the underlying business and how it will evolve.

A similar question arises with Bitcoin. What is one Bitcoin worth? The only serious answer to this question is that one Bitcoin is worth whatever someone else is willing to pay for it. Value investors, like Buffett, avoid these hype-driven assets and choose to focus on assets that have fundamentals they can understand.

Price of bitcoin from 2010 to sept 2025

Why should you be interested in this post?

This quote offers a timeless lesson for anyone studying or working in finance: investing is all about discipline, critical thinking, and analytical rigor.

Whether you want to work in trading, M&A, private equity, private debt, asset management, or any other financial field, understanding the distinction between price and value is essential.

As a final thought, you may find it very interesting to apply this principle to your own career choices. Look beyond appearances and seek roles that align with your long-term values and curiosity.

Related posts on the SimTrade blog

   ▶ All posts about Quotes

Useful resources

Business

Berkshire Hathaway

Warren Buffett (2024) Warren Buffett’s 2024 letter to investors, Berkshire Hathaway.

Academic research

Fama E. (1970) Efficient Capital Markets: A Review of Theory and Empirical Work, Journal of Finance, 25, 383-417.

Fama E. (1991) Efficient Capital Markets: II Journal of Finance, 46, 1575-617.

Hou K., H. Mo, L. Zhang (2017) The Economics of Value Investing, NBER Working paper 25563.

About the author

The article was written in October 2025 by Hadrien PUCHE (ESSEC Business School, Grande École Program, Master in Management, 2023-2027).