The effect of Elon Musk's Tweets on the Cryptocurrency Market

The effect of Elon Musk’s Tweets on the Cryptocurrency Market

Ines ILLES MEJIAS

In this article, Ines ILLES MEJIAS (ESSEC Business School, Global BBA, 2020-2024) analyzes the effect of Elon Musk’s tweets on the cryptocurrency market and its link with the concept of market efficiency.

Who is Elon Musk?

Founder of SpaceX and Tesla, Elon Musk, is known to be one of the richest and most famous people in the world. He is known to be a “technological visionary”, especially working in companies which focus on innovation and technology. Elon Musk has currently over 120 million followers on Twitter, a social media platform which he is regularly active on to speak about his life, his business or give his opinion on a wide variety of topics, one of them being cryptocurrency. No surprises he likes Twitter so much that he chose to purchase this one for US$ 44 billion not so long time ago in 2022.

Why does Elon Musk have an impact on the crypto market?

The effect of Elon Musk on the crypto market seems to be explained by his tweets due to his persona, as he is also known to be a successful investor and one of the wealthiest people in the world in 2022.

His activity on Twitter seems to affect the prices and volumes of cryptocurrencies on the short-term, by looking at the price changes or volatility following his tweets. This is called the “Elon Musk Effect”. The two most known cryptocurrencies having been influenced by Elon Musk are the Bitcoin and the Dogecoin. Likewise, we know thanks to his tweets and affirmation in conferences that he currently owns three cryptocurrencies: Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Dogecoin.

Examples of the positive impact of Elon Musk’s tweets on the crypto market

Elon Musk’s tweets seem to have an influence in the variation of cryptocurrency prices.

December 2021: “Bitcoin is my safe word”

In December 2021, Elon Musk positively tweeted about the Bitcoin saying that it is his “safe word”. This made the value of Bitcoin increase largely as the graph below shows.

Figure 1. Elon Musk’s tweet effect on Bitcoin
 Tweet of Elon Musk 2021
Source: Source: Reuters

January 2022: Elon Musk shows he’s a Bitcoin supporter.

In January 2022, Elon Musk changed his Twitter bio by adding “#bitcoin” which caused the Bitcoin to increase its value by 20%.

Figure 2. Elon Musk’s tweet effect on Bitcoin
 Tweet of Elon Musk 2021
Source: Source: Blockchain Research Lab

Figure 3. Elon Musk’s tweet effect on Bitcoin
Elon Musk’s tweet effect on Bitcoin
Source: Source: Blockchain Research Lab

Moreover, the price of Dogecoin raised by more than 500% after he tweeted that it was his favorite cryptocurrency. For this he is also known to be the “Dogefather” or “King of Dogecoin”. He also tweeted that SpaceX will accept Dogecoin payments which again, made the value of one of his cryptocurrencies raise largely.

Figure 4. Elon Musk’s tweet effect on Dogecoin
Elon Musk’s tweet effect on Dogecoin
Source: Source: Blockchain Research Lab

Figure 5. Elon Musk’s tweet effect on Dogecoin
Elon Musk’s tweet effect on Dogecoin
Source: Source: Blockchain Research Lab

Examples of the negative impact of Elon Musk’s tweets on the crypto market

Elon Musk can have a positive but also a negative impact on the crypto market by creating its own up and downs. For instance, after his presence on Saturday Night Live in May 2021, the Dogecoin’s value fell 34%. This was shocking considering that it was predicted by many crypto enthusiasts that it would increase the Dogecoin’s value to US$ 1.

Also, after Musk called Dodgecoin to be a “hustle”, its price went down by more than 30%.

A last example I will add is of when Elon Musk tweeted a meme about breaking up with bitcoin on June 3. This caused the price of Bitcoin to decrease by 5%.

Figure 6. Tweet of Elon Musk on June 4, 2021
 Tweet of Elon Musk on June 4, 2021
Source: Twitter.

Impact of Elon Musk’s tweets on the cryptocurrency market

Figure 7. Impact of Elon Musk’s tweets on the cryptocurrency market
Impact of Elon Musk’s tweets on the cryptocurrency market
Source: Coinjournal.

Why did it interest me?

This topic really caught my attention as I’ve always been very interested in investing, although never had the courage to do so due to the potential loss of real money. So, when I heard about this virtual currency, I became interested in knowing more about it, and after some research I found out about the news regarding Elon Musk and his effect on these. It was surprising and shocking seeing how an individual can have so much power over something, especially the power of social media.

Link with market efficiency

There are three types of market efficiency: weak efficiency related to market data (prices and transaction volumes), semi-strong efficiency related to all public information (company accounts, analyst reports, etc.) and strong efficiency (all public as well as private information).

Given the market reaction after Elon Musk’s tweets, the market is definitely efficient in the semi-strong sense. By observing the market reaction before Elon Musk’s tweets, we may wonder if the market is also efficient in the strong sense…

Useful resources

Academic articles

Gupta, R.R., Arya, R.K., Kumar, J., Gururani, A., Dugh, R., Dugh, A. (2022). The Impact of Elon Musk Tweets on Bitcoin Price. In: Mandal, J.K., Hsiung, PA., Sankar Dhar, R. (eds) Topical Drifts in Intelligent Computing. ICCTA 2021. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 426. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0745-6_44

Business resources

Twitter Elon Musk

Bitcoin

DodgeCoin

Blockchain Research Lab

Joe Khalique-Brown (15/06/2021) The Elon Musk Bitcoin saga continues: BTC rallies 10% Coin Journal

Noel Randewich (08/02/2021) Musk’s Bitcoin investment follows months of Twitter talk Reuters.

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About the author

The article was written in December 2022 by Ines ILLES MEJIAS (ESSEC Business School, Global BBA, 2020-2024).

Netflix’s announcement impacts Disney’s stock price

Netflix’s announcement impacts Disney’s stock price

Ines ILLES MEJIAS

In this article, Ines ILLES MEJIAS (ESSEC Business School, Global BBA, 2020-2024) analyzes how Netflix announcement regarding its decrease in earnings and subscribers also affected Disney’s stock price.

Description of firm

Netflix (1997) and Disney + are both world leading entertainment streaming services. They both offer a wide variety of content ranging from TV shows, Movies, Documentaries and even original series and movies. Both streaming services are available as an app for mobile phones, tablets, etc, as well as streaming to watch online on our computers. This allows users to enjoy from their services anytime and anywhere, and, through the app even download content to watch offline. They both work as subscriptions with different plans which customers can choose to subscribe to depending on their income and needs. However, Netflix, having been launched before, was the market leader in the streaming entertainment industry for a very long time.

Description of event

Netflix reports its first customer decline of 26% in over 10 years, and Disney stocks fell 5.3% also consequently. Netflix reported a loss of 200,000 members in the first quarter and forecasted a loss of 2 million subscribers in the current quarter (April 2022). Investors and analysts are rethinking on new ways of boosting their forecasts for the entire industry, and fear that a reopening economy will cripple entertainment companies.

Figure 1. Impact of Netflix announcement.
Impact of Netflix announcement
Source: Bloomberg.

This article talks about the current decline in Netflix subscribers and how it has affected not only their stocks, but also created a fear among analysts and investors in the entertainment streaming industry, as well as impacted other companies’ stocks such as Disney, Warner Bros, etc.

Reaction of market to event

Disney shares fell by 6% after the news. Disney is a competitor, which means that normally it could have benefitted from a cut in Netflix (its competitor) stocks. But this did not seem to happen. Instead, investors feared that Disney might also suffer from a slower growth in earnings like Netflix, which resultantly affected Disney’s stocks negatively. By the end of April, Disney stocks fell by 19%, and, according to S&P Global Market Intelligence, down roughly 40% from its peak last fall.

It is said that one of the main reasons for Netflix big decline in returns and subscribers was content, especially since other entertainment such as HBO are gaining the exclusivity over shows such as Game of Thrones or Sex in the City. Therefore, Netflix plays on offering new Netflix Original content to more attract customers. However, Disney should do good after this as it has a deep content library of franchises that it can leverage to produce hit shows, so in the long-term its growth and revenues should not seem to be very affected by Netflix.

Figure 2. Impact of Netflix announcement on Walt Disney stock price.
Impact of Netflix announcement on Walt Disney stock price
Source: Bloomberg.

Link with market efficiency

The efficient market hypothesis states that the market cannot be beaten because it incorporates all information into current share prices, so stocks trade at the fairest value. There are three types of market efficiency that we must know of. First, weak efficiency, where all information contained in past stock market data (prices and transaction volumes) is already reflected in today’s price. Then, we have semi-strong efficiency which in addition to the information contained in historical stock market data, all public information (company accounts, analyst reports, etc.) is already reflected in today’s price. Finally, strong efficiency where all information, public as well as private, is already reflected in today’s price.

I believe this is an example of a semi-strong efficiency as company accounts and reports as well as historical data are included in the price. Disney’s price was subject and result of Netflix public accounts.

Justification of your choice of the event and the firm

I, myself, am a subscriber for both of these entertainment streaming services, so when I heard the news, I was actually surprised about the power and influence that these have on one another. Especially since I believe that both have completely different content which interest me. From a very young age, I’ve been a fan of Disney and their content, which is what made me subscribe to Disney +, while I became a subscriber for Netflix because it was “a trend” back in time and everyone was speaking about all the content available. After reading this news, I also agreed that Netflix has decreased in terms of content and quality, which is why I use more Disney plus, another reason why I was surprised by the news.

Why should you be interested in this post?

Netflix and Disney are two of the most know streaming companies in the world. It’s important to be aware of the impacts that companies from the same industry have on one another, especially to be able to avoid, fight or tackle if news like these were to happen again.

Useful resources

Netflix

Disney+

Why Disney Stock fell 19& in April

Stocks fall after shocking drop in Netflix subscribers

About the author

The article was written in December 2022 by Ines ILLES MEJIAS (ESSEC Business School, Global BBA, 2020-2024).

My professional experience as a marketing assistant at Auris Gestion

My professional experience as a marketing assistant at Auris Gestion

Ines ILLES MEJIAS

In this article, Ines ILLES MEJIAS (ESSEC Business School, Global BBA, 2020-2024) shares her experience as a marketing assistant at Auris Gestion (France).

About the company

Auris gestion is an asset management company created in 2004 which currently manages 3 billion euros. At the beginning, Auris Gestion focused on assisting only private clients with a worldwide offer by providing tailor-made solutions to their investment needs and demands. However, it decided to merge along with Salamandre AM in June 2020 to improve its positioning with financial advisor and Family Office partners. As a result, Auris Gestion makes its expertise and institutional management approaches available to a larger clientele, including individual consumers, asset management advisers, and institutions.

Logo of Auris Gestion.
 Logo of Auris Gestion
Source: Auris Gestion.

One of Auris Gestion main strengths is their close relationship with their clients and the fact that it places a high importance on developing this one by providing excellent tailored management, advising, and reporting solutions. To accomplish this successfully, they have decided to dive their team into two independent business divisions: the Private Banking and the Corporate Banking.

My internship

My internship lasted a total of three months and took place in Paris.

What I enjoyed the most about my internship is that I could work in different areas of business and not only finance, which I was quite scared of considering that jobs in finance are known to be very intense and I didn’t consider myself having a wide financial knowledge after my first year at ESSEC. However, I really enjoyed being able to do some marketing. This helped me to get to know inside out. Additionally, it really helped me to improve my finance vocabulary and knowledge in French.

My missions

I was in charge of creating customer master records and separating them into the two different clients and divisions which Auris works for: Private Banking/management and Institutional/Corporate finance.

In addition, I also worked as an assistant in the Marketing department. In this one, some of my tasks included:

  • Editing and writing up content for the new Auris and Salamander websites that they were working on to update their information and highlight their partnership with Salamander. Also, their aim was to create a more visually attractive website for customers to understand better the information and improve Auris’ positioning in terms of modern in technology and marketing.
  • Also, I was in charge of adjusting the website’s vocabulary according the two client divisions: Private Banking (simpler financial language) and Institutional/Corporate finance (advanced financial language and more precise information regarding the services offered).
  • Finally, within the marketing department, I had to create information documents and “poster style” documents about ESG. These documents had as a purpose informing and inciting clients to invest in this growing and important, although dangerous sector (greenwashing) funds. Also, to highlight Auris’ implications and contribution in green finance.

Using excel was one of my competences, which is why they also charged me to create and complete fund factsheets and reports. For successful completion, I had to search in Websites such as Morning Star, or the main company/fund websites, information about the funds which then I needed to update or fill in the Due Diligence factsheet template.

Another of my many jobs, which I found interesting and in which I got to learn loads was by attending and representing Auris during fund presentation and pitches. Here, I got to meet different company representatives and got to see how people pitched a fund. One of my other roles after these meetings, was not only making notes about what I learnt, but also summarizing pros and cons from the funds pitched and presented.

Required skills and knowledge

During my internship some of the skills which I most made use of and I believe were required to do my job were teamwork, adaptability, creativity, critical thinking, communication skills and Analytical skills, considering I worked for the financial department which is very quantitative, and the marketing department which is a bit more qualitative and visual.

Also, autonomy was very important, especially since the manager asked me what would be something that I’ve seen in the company that I’m interested in working on, and then I would go ahead and work on that and do research on my own.

Then, I would say one of the most important required skills is being an advanced user of the Pack Office. This is because I was required to use daily either Microsoft teams, Word, PowerPoint, and Excel.

To continue, some finance and asset management knowledge and vocabulary are obviously essential. However, if you are pursuing a business degree you should have a good base of knowledge already. The same goes for marketing and strategic marketing knowledge.

Finally, knowledge and skills on how to use of marketing tools for the creation of digital content such as Canvas and Adobe Photoshop/Photopea were needed.

What I learned

During my internship I was lucky to learn and expand my knowledge in few areas.
First, I learned how to elaborate and fill Due Diligence factsheets to evaluate different funds from different companies. For this, I had to become familiar with the company websites, Morning Star, understand fund rating, etc.

Then, I got to further improve my knowledge on finance thanks to personal research that I did as well as to some of the employees which were eager in teaching me new financial terms and concepts. Some examples of new things I learnt are structured products, ESG, greenwashing, different bond ratings, etc. One of the workers was very kind and once every few days he would sit with me and explain me concepts which I came across that I didn’t understand or was struggling with.

Moreover, the weekly “Rendez-vous de Lundi”, which is a concept set up by the company which consisted of weekly newsletters sent to workers and published publicly, helped me stay informed about the main the weekly performance of markets through the overview of the markets with charts showing their risk, inflation, and summaries regarding their importance and other news, etc.

Finally, the “Point macro”, which was done every two weeks by the company with the aim of keeping up to date all the workers with the main macroeconomic factors affecting today’s investing world. This really got me to improve my macroeconomics knowledge as well as got me to learn a lot about the diversity and importance of this one in the asset management and investing world.

Key financial concepts related to your work

During my internship, I came across the following key financial concepts: structured products, ESG funds, and bond rating.

Structured Products

Structured products are investments that normally include assets linked to interest plus one or more derivatives. These are sometimes attached to an index or group of assets and create extremely specific risk-return objectives. The package is known to be composed of: a bond, some underlying assets, and the derivatives strategy.

ESG Funds

ESG Funds are bands which carry Environmental, Societal and Governance principles investments. This means that the bonds have gone through a test which determines how sustainable the company or government is in terms of the ESG criteria. This index has pushed a lot of companies to become more responsible. Also, they’re important today due to the importance sustainability, and they’re becoming more popular as investors want to be seen as contributors of stopping global warming and contributing to human development without impacting their returns.

Bond Ratings

Bond ratings are letters which define and judge the quality and creditworthiness of a bond. Normally starts with triple letter A (“AAA” for Standard & Poor’s, and “Aaa” for Moody’s), and starting from BB bonds are known as “Junk bonds” due to their low ratings. What we must remember is that the higher a bond’s rating, the lower the interest rate it will carry, and the lower the risk, etc.

Why should I be interested in this post?

This post might interest you if you plan on working in a future in an asset management company or in this sector as a marketing or asset management assistant. You will be able to see what tasks you might be asked to do, the skills that you must have to perform successfully during your internship, as well as terms you might come across that you will need to learn about.

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   ▶ Jayati WALIA My experience as a credit analyst at Amundi Asset Management

Useful resources

Auris Gestion

Standard & Poor’s

Moody’s

About the author

The article was written in December 2022 by Ines ILLES MEJIAS (ESSEC Business School, ESSEC Business School, Global BBA, 2020-2024).