Women in Finance (Northeastern University)

December 8, 2022 by Aastha DAS

Women in Finance (Northeastern University)

In this article, Aastha DAS (ESSEC Business School, Bachelor’s in Business Administration, Exchange Student from Northeastern University) presents the “Women in Finance” association at Northeastern University.

Background on women in finance

In almost all industries around the world, women are underrepresented at the top, excluding few sectors like nursing and education. One industry where women are highly underrepresented is the financial services. The Deloitte Center for Financial Services revealed the statistic that of the largest financial institutions in the US, only six out of 107 are run by female CEOs in 2019. This can be attributed to how women and men start on par during the start of their careers in finance, but men are more motivated to grow in the ranks to the C-level executive (C like Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer, Chief Investment Officer, Chief Economist, etc.). There are significantly fewer precedents for women in high levels of finance making it difficult for aspiring women in finance to find role models and mentors to rely on as a guide, especially in venture and private equity.

Figure 1. Women in Finance 2022 semester recap.

Source: Northeastern University.

There is a growing rate of initiatives trying to bolster women into the industry with the gender gap reducing exponentially in MBA programs, yet women still only account for a small ratio of finance staff at top global business schools. Nonprofit organizations like “Girls Who Invest” help diversity initiatives support women to bring young women into the world of finance through internships and mentoring programs, providing them with the best possible foundation.

Women need these programs and mentors to show them that they are capable of getting through any hardship in the path of achieving C-level executive positions and success, starting from as young as high school. These programs help to spark interest in the field and show them that there is so much more to the industry than seen regularly by someone not as exposed to the different sectors.

One industry where women are highly underrepresented is the upper levels of financial services management and investment services with the Deloitte Center for Financial Services revealing the statistic that of the largest financial institutions in the US, only six out of 107 are run by female CEOs in the USA, based on a 2019 rate.

The unfortunate statistic of the “broken rung” describes how women in lower entry level positions are promoted into managerial and C-level positions at a significantly lower rate than men. The broken rung can be defined as women having misfortune in promotion and this creates a ripple effect with progressive organizational grades creating disproportionate levels of women in the organizational hierarchy, especially involving diversity in senior leadership.

Misconceptions also root from stereotypes discouraging women from entering the finance space under the belief that they do not necessarily have the work-life balance as men as they should have to take care of families while working fulltime, but this belief is changing as women in finance are supported and men are also bolstered to take more responsibility within the home.

Women in Finance at Northeastern University

At Northeastern University, I have been involved in Women in Finance (WiF) since my first year starting with being involved in the Peer Mentorship program and then also acting as a Peer Mentor in my sophomore year and being a mentee in the Alumni Mentorship program. I also enjoyed being a part of the E-Board at Women in Finance as a Research Associate in Spring 2022 as part of the Street Talk. I thoroughly enjoyed being on the Street Talk as I felt as I was able to give back to the Women in Finance community through the works of the team, creating new ideas for the initiative, while also having the pleasure of being on the E-Board and getting to know all the other members and creating connections with one another. I also enjoyed being a part of the Professional program as I got to gain much insight from my alumni mentor, where I learned more firsthand information about the field, I am interested in. This upcoming Spring 2023, I will be taking on the role of President for the organization to best represent the Women in Finance initiative at Northeastern.

Missions of the organization

There are several organizations at many universities encouraging women in the business world and even entrepreneurship, but few have separate organizations for finance which is what draws me to this. The Women in Finance Initiative at Northeastern University strives to continue to uphold WiF’s goal to “educate, empower, support, and mentor” students by offering interesting and engaging programming and events that help students navigate finance. As members of the board, representing the organization with many endorsers and supports, WiF hopes to help provide the resources and instill confidence in female students, so they are empowered to pursue strong co-ops, internships, and leadership opportunities. Specifically, helping equip students with the skills to be successful in finance roles is valuable. The Wall Street Prep Series is an excellent program for students the organization has created to allow enrollment into a financial basics course with access to the certificate to learn incredibly valuable skills that can set them apart in interviews and on the job. Likewise, the mentorship programs provide invaluable guidance for students, and even use it in interviews and resumes. Continuing these programs and working to develop new ones allows WiF to fulfill its goal to educate students, and in doing so, helps with students’ confidence. Providing support like this allows women to realize their potential, which is another overarching goal.

The organization also has its the Executive Speaker Series (ESS) is an opportunity for undergraduate women, open to an interdisciplinary audience, to learn the stories and wisdom from female executives. In the past this has included positions across the C-level: CEO, CFO, CIO, and Chief Economist. These executives have traditionally worked in either the finance industry or come from some studying or other background in finance to further inspire women pursuing a business degree, particularly in finance and/or accounting.

Figure 2. Women in Finance Executive Speaker Series (ESS).
Women in Finance speaker series
Source: Northeastern University.

Acquiring financial skills

As many women explore the world of finance, it is important to build technical skills, and this is where the workshops from WiF come to use. The goal of workshops and skill series this semester is to help build members’ technical skills for the purpose of interviewing for co-ops or full-time work. We want our members to be competitive as technical interviewing becomes more popular with higher level positions. Technical skills include but are not limited to financial modeling, investing, personal finance, excel, PowerPoint, and learning how to use Bloomberg. This Fall we are already committed to hosting a Bloomberg Education Series through Northeastern’s virtual terminals.

The opportunities like the NYC and Fidelity Treks are something that not many other organizations offer. Each spring Women in Finance offers educational and networking Treks to companies in both Boston and New York City. The Freshman NYC Trek is where students go on a 3-day trip to New York and can visit various firms to learn about various career paths with a focus on Investment Banking and Consulting. Virtual Treks and networking opportunities in the form of a career education series are also regularly offered. Career Education panels are programmed to include but are not limited to, a Private Equity Panel, a Corporate Finance Panel, a Navigating Investment Banking Panel, and a Restructuring Panel.

Looking forward

Continuing to develop more unique programming like those that draw more students to the organization helps keep our organization up to date with the everchanging markets and world of finance. In the long term, because of the value of those opportunities, WiF could even become a draw to the university of prospective students. Continuing to have corporate sponsors can help fund more events like the treks while also helping to potentially build out more co-op/internship experiences for students with our sponsors. Given how male-dominated finance is, Women in Finance at Northeastern is a safe space for women to explore the field and know their worth and to encourage them to pursue roles they otherwise many not and provide a supportive community for females in finance.

Moving forward, ensuring that Women in Finance can help many more generations of young woman aspiring to be in this sector and the business world, I hope to create more long-lasting connections for the organization to allow more diverse parts of the finance field. I also hope to ensure that each semester remains consistent with the past while maintaining a level of improvement if necessary.

Why should I be interested in this article?

It is worth reading this article because of the underrepresentation of women in the finance industry and how that is pivoting to change over time and the impact that women can make at a high level. It can be daunting to enter a field like this, especially with so many controversial opinions and stereotypes. I would not be where I am in my career with an Investment Banking internship, financial services co-op, and upcoming M&A solutions consulting internship in NYC without this organization and I owe it to Northeastern University’s Women in Finance Initiative for providing me with the resources, support, mentorship, and confidence to put myself where I may not have felt I belonged before. I am not a finance concentration or major at my university, yet I learned that anyone can go into a role of finance, and that one is not just constricted as it is an open playing field, as long as you apply yourself and find the path of finance you want to go through, by exposing yourself to the different opportunities in finance like investment banking, equity research, sales & trading, asset management, wealth management, venture capital, angel investing, private equity, hedge funds, global capital markets, and so many more untapped industries for women to climb the ranks in.

Useful resources

Women in Finance (Northeastern University)

Women in Finance – Program

Women in Finance (LinkedIn)

Women in Finance (Instagram)

Gender and Finance

About the author

The article was written in December 2022 by Aastha DAS (ESSEC Business School, Bachelor’s in Business Administration, Exchange Student from Northeastern University).

My experience as an investment banking analyst intern at G2 Capital Advisors

December 22, 2024December 8, 2022 by Aastha DAS

My experience as an investment banking analyst intern at G2 Capital Advisors

In this article, Aastha DAS (ESSEC Business School, Bachelor’s in Business Administration, Exchange Student from Northeastern University) shares her experience during a summer internship as an investment banking analyst at G2 Capital Advisors.

About the company

G2 Capital Advisors is a boutique, low-middle market investment bank which is sector-focused with an integrated and multi-product approach, creating an uncommon full-service product line. G2 provides unique solutions in the investment banking realm including specializing in buy-side and sell-side advisory, capital markets, and restructuring, with different teams allocated to each part of those practices. Most analysts specialize in one of the products while associates and vice presidents tend to cover more product lines while specializing a certain industry in the business practice, further supporting the C-Level executive heading their respective industry specialty group.

G2 Capital Advisors logo
Women in Finance
Source: G2 Capital Advisors.

G2 follows a unique business model in which their managing directors and leads of industry practices are from a background of sector success, and not necessarily banking careers, like Industrials & Manufacturing, Technology & Business Services, Consumer & Retail, and Transportation & Logistics. The culture and core values at G2 Capital Advisors revolve around dedication to their clients, to be able to provide the best possible, creative yet lucrative solutions for their issues. Their main business practice remains Restructuring and Investment Banking.

Through remaining tenacious in all their business processes, they are able to create a full-servicing bank which can provide accountability in an honest and respectful manner, further differentiating themselves.

My Internship

My Missions

I worked as an intern in the summer of 2022 for the Investment Banking practice at G2 Capital Advisors. I was mainly responsible for supporting the analysts and sometimes supported the associates in the buy-side and sell-side business practices. As the size of this boutique lower-middle market investment bank is a lot smaller than a lot of other banks, my experience was more unique than most investment banking summer analyst positions.

I got holistic views on the whole firm as I got experience in intensive levels in three of four of their business practices: Technology & Business Services, Consumer & Retail, and Transportation & Logistics, on both the buy-side and sell-side investment banking advisory. On the buy-side, I created extensive market maps for clients to source their clients and potential new acquisitions for them. Here I was also able to perform also as a research analyst for M&A and equity research on active advisory and restructuring deals throughout the summer by using Excel to curate and develop market maps, historical financial analysis, and prepare for engagement with clients. I was the forefront of the intern class through ensuring that all the submissions from the group were of top quality for all curated presentation materials including tailored pitch books, Confidential Information Memorandums, deal sheets, and teasers. This helped prepare me, the other interns, as well as the analysts and associates for client presentations, oftentimes doing more research than necessary, to stay ahead of competitors. I also aided in the company’s outreach initiatives through drafting many press releases and research presentations for transaction announcements and quarterly industry reports specifically for the Consumer & Retail and Transportation & Logistics business practices.

In my final weeks as an intern, I was able to generate my own comparables and financial models to aid associates for many ongoing deals. All the interns were also responsible for a research presentation of any of the business practices and I delivered a presentation on Consumer & Retail. In this presentation, I sourced new portfolio companies, hedge funds, and private equity firms for G2 to create connections with and evaluated the intrinsic value of creating relations with each of these different sub-sectors and companies and how it better aligns with G2’s goals to provide industry specialized support for clients. I have since gotten feedback from several of the managing directors and leads in the Consumer & Retail team that many of the suggested partnerships have rendered successful and are in process of deal-making with due diligence underway.

Required Skills and Knowledge

The Investment Banking sector at G2 Capital Advisors is arguably the most profitable business practice and there was a high learning curve to going into this internship. I had to quickly learn the sell-side and buy-side business practices to best support the analysts and associates so that we were able to deliver the best market maps and materials to the clients and our managing directors/deal managers. Along with the steep learning curve of investment banking concepts, I also had to adapt to the G2 form of financial modeling as I had learned it already from a club at my university called Bull & Bear Equity Research club. It is also necessary to develop and come prepared with many soft skills like humility, generosity to always give a helping hand, self-discipline, time management, conflict resolution, and high analytical/critical thinking. As an aspiring intern in the investment banking and advisory space, it is wise to stay up to date with financial news, so it is recommended to read/listen to news through podcasts like the NYTimes Daily, New York Times, Wall Street Journal, The Economist. Most higher-level executives are well versed with financial news and do not need to think twice about it and this is a good tactic to incorporate in beginner’s careers to ensure the interns are knowledgeable on all that is going on in the market, in light of any swift changes.

What I Learned

My internship at G2 Capital Advisors gave me a good understanding of the composition of the entire financial institution and the operation of the financial market as well as investment banking through allowing me to master my Excel capabilities, relationship building skills with clients and other employees, while learning technical skills as well like financial terms and everything that is necessary in the different advisory processes. The knowledge I had previously from taking microeconomics, macroeconomics, macroeconomic theory, financial management, Wall Street Prep, and financial accounting aided me in the internship to create a solidified foundation to grow in the industry. I also learned how lucrative a career in investment banking is because of how heavily technical it can get with developing models, but also how personable it can make you through creating special relationships with many different market leaders, clients, and investors, creating a well-rounded employee in the financial services space.

Key Financial Concepts

Here are three useful financial concepts I learned in the Investment Banking department at G2 Capital Advisors.

Buy-side vs sell-side

Buy-Side – is the side of the financial market that buys and invests large portions of securities for the purpose of money or fund management.

Buy-Side – is the other side of the financial market, which deals with the creation, promotion, and selling of traded securities to the public.

M&A Sell-Side Advisory Process Explained

One of the most in-depth processes I learned was the Sell-side process for investment banking: Detailing my insight below

Process and Timeline

1. Winning the Mandate

a. Pitch
b. Engagement Review Memo
c. Engagement Letter Signing

2. Preparing for sale

a. Definite strategy (who, how much, what process)
b. Draft Teaser, Executive Summary, CIM
c. Kick-off Meeting
d. Organize Financials
e. Create Projections
f. Prepare non-disclosure agreement

3. Marketing

a. Launch process

i. Contact Buyers
ii. Receive preliminary bids
iii. Manage deal processes
iv. Send teaser and NDA
v. Investor meetings/emails
vi. Draft Letter of Interest bid
vii. Draft Management Presentation
viii. Set up data room and due diligence

b. Letter of Interest Bid Deadline

i. Receive final LOIs
ii. Board meetings
iii. Management presentation
iv. Negotiate with lead bidders
v. Execute LOI

4. Confirmatory Due Diligence

a. Enter into exclusivity agreement with one bidder post negotiation
b. Kick-off diligence meeting
c. Facilitate due diligence

5. Closing

a. Proceeds waterfall deliverables
b. Present finalized deal terms and fairness opinion
c. Get board approval
d. Signing and closing
e. Invoice deliverable sent
f. Transaction review memo

What is Restructuring?

Restructuring is a unique concept in investment banking which entails growth and special situations in and out of the court with both a debtor and creditor side, based on what is best fit for the firm. It helps provide clients with clear solutions to ensure sustainable long-term stability. This is usually a practice which is enacted, and advisors are called in when a company wants to change its structure completely or significantly in both financial and operational aspects, during times of financial pressures where clear restructuring of the business is necessary. It often involves revising debt options, operations, and forms of limiting financial detriment while still improving the firm.

A company will often use restructuring advisory when there is debt difficulty, especially regarding consolidating to pay their bondholders. It is also possible to incorporate operation restructure to help cut costs in payroll and/or in the size of assets through significant sales.

Internal restructuring often entails operations, processes, departments, supply chains, executive board, and even ownership change, further enabling the firm to grow profitable while growing. This is when investment banks come in to help with the negotiation of restructuring plans to input financial and legal advisors and potentially even gain aid from investors and appointing new CEOs to implement the new changes and propel the firm forward.

Merger & Acquisition Activism

Activism a particularly new space in the investment banking world but one worth keeping tabs on because of how much it changes and how volatile it can make certain deals. In activist investing, there is usually a sign of change occurring through a catalyst which prompts activist investors to reveal themselves. This is an investment strategy where an investor comes into and/or attempts to pursue poorly-run companies with share prices that have gone down recently, usually an investor which much potential. The activist investor usually takes in a large stake in the company which reveals their interest and pushes for changes because of their vast equity, in efforts to turnaround the company for the better. This hopefully results in price increases for the security.

It is necessary to stay weary of activist investors because they may not always have the company’s best interests at hand. For this reason, shareholder trust is a large factor for activist investors. Most of the most successful activist investors are public figures and not necessarily hedge funds. They often use aggressive and confrontational tactics to pressure the management teams of public companies. It is necessary to grow public and shareholder trust along with public attention to grow their platform to endorse the suggested recommendations.

Why should I be interested in this article?

It is worth reading this article because of the topic it discusses in the popular investment banking space. It is necessary to note how well-rounded investment banking can make an individual but also the uniqueness of this post entails how the experience was at a boutique low-middle market investment bank with full servicing to reveal how one smaller firm can do so much in efforts to create the most impactful and creative solutions to business issues and M&A deals.

Useful resources

G2 Capital Advisors

Financier Worldwide Magazine (June 2019) The rising influence of shareholder activism in M&A transactions: recent trends in the UK

About the author

The article was written in December 2022 by Aastha DAS (ESSEC Business School, Exchange Student from Northeastern University – Bachelor’s in Business Administration).

Why is Apple’s new iPhone 14 release line failing in the first few months?

December 8, 2022 by Aastha DAS

Why is Apple’s new iPhone 14 release line failing in the first few months?

In this article, Aastha DAS (ESSEC Business School, Bachelor’s in Business Administration, Exchange Student from Northeastern University) discusses events about Apple’s products, their impact on Apple’s share price and the link with market efficiency.

Brief reminder of the facts

On Tuesday October 18th, 2022, Apple stocks saw a downturn after the announcement of the limit of one of its iPhone suppliers for the newly released iPhone 14 Plus due to demand issues.

Figure 1. Event about Apple.

Source: Bloomberg.

With the new release, Apple took a large risk with eliminating certain failing lines like the “mini” model. Within the iPhone 14 range, the largest changes and upgrades were to the “Pro” models in hopes of diversifying its product line while pricing remained consistent in appropriate increases, as done in the past. Unfortunately, this has been highly unsuccessful with many reports revealing how the sales of the “iPhone 14” line have been subpar of expectations.

Impact on company

This is concerning for the company since Apple had increased its sales projections in the few weeks prior to the iPhone 14 family release in September as it does annually and many of its suppliers had already started making preparations for a 7% boost in orders after the release. This incident had direct financial consequences on the company as the stock immediately dropped by $4 from $145. There are mixed reports on consumers’ preferences to buy either the iPhone 14 Plus or iPhone 14 as preferences between the features and affordability of the two vary greatly. It is difficult for the company to gauge the fluctuations in demand, especially as the new iPhone 14 has not been doing as well as anticipated. This can also be attributed to the decrease in global demand because of surging inflation and the impending recession and war in Ukraine. The smartphone market is projected to decrease by 6.5% this year, 2022. Following an official announcement in a press release from Apple, the stock price immediately dropped in regard to the production halt for the iPhone 14 Plus at one of the plants in China. Apple shares fell 3.9% on the New York stock Exchange (NYSE) on Wednesday morning to $145.90. The shares are additionally also down about 18% this year in 2022, compared to a 23% drop in the S&P 500 Index. Still, many professionals state they are not surprised about this due to more preference toward the more premium models of the iPhone 14 family. The share price quickly leveled out but it revealed how volatile the stock is to the market and each decision they make.

Figure 2. Event about Apple.
Apple share price
Source: Google Finance.

Relations to market efficiency

Market efficiency involves a market where the current price of a stock/security quickly reflects information of that security and/or its respective company in a wholly rational manner.

There are many ways to evaluate a market’s efficiency, even as novice market watchers, starting with reevaluating the lag in the time that information is released regarding a security to when it is reflected in the security’s price. The changes in price are usually a product of announcements that are novel and unexpected which can be compared to the press release by Apple to limit the supply chain of its iPhone 14 production as this is uncommon for the company to do, so soon after the company’s fall release, as it does annually. It also relates to a company’s share price in relation to its earnings per share outcomes and the share price growing following the EPS, in an efficient market, as EPS growth reveals positive growth for long-term investors, and it is still optimistic to observe that Apple has managed to grow EPS by 28%/year over the past three years. This restores faith in the stock as though it has proven to be volatile, it regulates itself and has clearly been on the rise in a long-term perspective, revealing sustainable growth. A real positive is seen with Apple’s similar EBIT margins to 2021 as revenue grew by 12% to $388B USD.

At this point in time, the Apple security can be seen as semi-strong efficiency. This can be attributed to how public Apple is with there being much historical market data and public information like company accounts, hundreds of reports on the renowned company which regularly are reflected in the company’s stock price.

Figure 3. Apple financial statistics.

Source: Forbes Digital Covers.

Why did I choose this event?

I chose this event as a financial event of Apple’s stock taking a downturn dip because it reveals much about the smartphone and personal electronics market despite being a quite small event in the trajectory of its iPhone releases. This shows how smartphones will also suffer from raising inflation and the Ukrainian-Russia war despite popular demand and so-called need for smartphones like the iPhone. I am also an avid consumer of Apple products and find it interesting how emotional many stakeholders are based on how they react to even the smallest aspects of its product line. It reveals how despite the rationality of the market being beneficial, human beings chose to act on fear and precautionary measures to ensure that they will be safer rather than opting in favor of risk, within reason.

Why should you be interested in this topic?

There are many reasons why it is important to stay on top of the regular markets and this article discusses a company which is regularly changing in the markets. As a SimTrade student, or anyone interested in financial markets, market efficiency is a key aspect to refer to when making financial decisions and trading. It is worthwhile to consider companies with strong efficiency and those which do not, allowing a broader outlook into how they might function. It is necessary to see if there is a possibility of beating the market because any information available to a trader is already involved in the market price so it is difficult to beat it for the higher returns.

Useful resources

SimTrade course Market information

Yahoo! Finance (October 25, 2022) Here’s Why We Think Apple (NASDAQ:AAPL) Is Well Worth Watching

Apple Newsroom (November 6, 2022) Update on supply of iPhone 14 Pro and iPhone 14 Pro Max

Bloomberg (September 28, 2022) Apple Ditches iPhone Production Increase After Demand Falters

About the author

The article was written in December 2022 by Aastha DAS (ESSEC Business School, Bachelor’s in Business Administration, Exchange Student from Northeastern University).